Essay about The History and Future of Schizophrenia

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, schizophrenia is characterized by the development of two or more symptoms of the following symptoms in a one-month period. The symptoms most characteristic of schizophrenia are delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized speech. Schizophrenia has always been a disorder shrouded in mystery. There have been many hypotheses from varying perspectives proposing different sources of causation for schizophrenia. Some of these hypotheses have considerable amounts of research, while some lack support. To fully comprehend and appreciate the disorder, it is important to take into consideration its history. In this way, the full extent to which each branch of the disorder has developed can be†¦show more content†¦However, science’s reasoning for schizophrenia failed sometimes too. For instance, a hypothesis explaining the causation of schizophrenia was developed in the 1900s by Freud, he believed that schizophrenia evolved fr om conditions that are caused by a world that is exceedingly strident towards individuals either by parents that have been unnurturing to their children or if they have experienced a trauma (Insel, 2010). However, in 1948, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann expanded on Freud’s theory by stating that it was the mother’s fault for the development of a mental disorder. These women were called schizophrenogenic (schizophrenia-causing) mothers (Comer, 2013). It was the mother’s fault for the genetics the children could possibly develop or even for the way they treated their children. However, much research has gone into this idea only to eventually discover that there is more to the picture. The gene for schizophrenia has never been found even though countless research studies have been done to find it (Joseph, 2004). The genetics for schizophrenia has been studied through twin studies. These studies look at monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. However , most of these studies fail to take into consideration the full environment of the twins (Joseph, 2004). Environmental factors need to be studied also for there is no telling how important it can be toShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. 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However, withdrawal from reality and personal relationshipsRead MoreCase Formulation Paper II On Schizophrenia1324 Words   |  6 PagesDavies Professor Aaron Grusonik Abnormal Psychology 340 April, Spring, 2017 Case Formulation Paper II Study on Schizophrenia Hypothetical Patient The patient is a 38-year-old Caucasian male, with a history of Schizophrenia for the past 24 years. While the patient has a history with recreational drugs i.e., marijuana and methamphetamines, he has had the diagnosis of schizophrenia when he was 16 years old. He has been in and out of outpatient substance abuse treatment programs. The patient hasRead MoreChildhood Psychosis Through Autopsy : The National Society For Autistic Children952 Words   |  4 Pageson the cause of schizophrenia in children. The infrequency of childhood deaths of those with schizophrenia makes this research that more difficult. There are ethical and legal issue to deal with, the parents need to sign off on this procedure to help other children dealing with the same issue, and training those performing the autopsy to be able to view the certain brain structures that are affect by this disorder, are some major concerns in the movement forward. Medical history must be obtainedRead MoreAccording to NAMI (), schizophrenia is a long term mental illness that interferes with a person’s1100 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to NAMI (), schizophrenia is a long term mental illness that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, make decisions, and relate to others, impairing a person from functioning to their full potential when left untreated. For these persons affected, it is many times difficult to distinguish what is real from what is not. â€Å"Unfortunately, no single simple course of treatment exists.† Research has linked schizophrenia to a multitude of possible causes† (NAMI). As stated by NIHMRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1476 Words   |  6 Pages Schizophrenia, paranoid type was researched in terms of diagnostic criteria based on many different actions that affect people in multiple ways. Schizophrenia is a disease in the brain that is an emotionally draining illness that can affect the victim along with anyone in contact with the victim. RB a young man has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, paranoid type. He lives at home with a loving family and he was always socially active and great student. Schizophrenia has been a severely stigmatized disorder

Brand Positioning and Repositioning Free Essays

Research Proposal # 1 Name of The Research Proposal: Brand Positioning Repositioning Brand Positioning In marketing, Positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Generally, the Brand positioning process involves: 1. Defining the market in which the product or brand will compete (who the relevant buyers are) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Positioning and Repositioning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identifying the attributes (also called dimensions) that define the product ‘space’ 3. Collecting information from a sample of customers about their perceptions of each product on the relevant attributes 4. Determine each product’s share of mind 5. Determine each product’s current location in the product space 6. Determine the target market’s preferred combination of attributes (referred to as an ideal vector) 7. Examine the fit between: oThe position of your product oThe position of the ideal vector 8. Position. Characteristics of Brand Positioning Brand positioning strategy is important to develop in order to get to number one in a customer’s mind for your products or services. If you don’t develop a plan, customers won’t think about you when they go to make a purchase. This is sure to lead to low sales and, ultimately, business failure. Here are some characteristics of brand positioning strategy that anyone can use for business: Unique Benefits What benefits does a customer gain from buying your product or services? It’s not enough to develop a generic benefits list that all of your competitors offer. What unique benefits do you offer? This takes diligent research of the competition, as well as prospective customers. Your brand positioning strategy has to revolve around your customers, and what they will benefit from a relationship with your business. Otherwise, they’ll go to the competition, where they perceive they can get the most for their money. Quality Products or Services The Internet has made it easy for customers to get low prices, and harder for you as a home based business owner to beat larger competitors. However, you can still occupy a higher position over large service firms and product stores by building a brand image that highlights quality products or services. For example, if you’re a freelancer, you may not be able to compete on price with freelancers from other countries. However, if you’re known as a freelancer who offers quality services, you’ll gain a higher brand position than low-priced competitors. You might even be able to charge higher prices for higher quality services, and the higher price may help build that perception that you’re offering quality, whereas your competitors are not. Great Features You need to think through the features of your products or services that would make customers choose you in the first place, and use it in all of your advertising strategy. Take the time to write a product or service description for everything you offer. Cross out the ones that don’t meet the threshold of a great feature. Even if you only have one or two points about your product or service that qualifies, you can use that to differentiate yourself from the competition and boost sales. For example, if you’re selling a home security system on Ebay, it’s not enough to highlight the fact that it comes with 4 cameras and a DVR. Every similar home security system does, and your customers have no reason to buy from you, rather than someone else on Ebay. However, you could highlight that the security system ends images in real time to your email. Now your product is more compelling to consider, and you’ll get more sales, even from a competitor that offers a cheaper price. Problem Solver A brand positioning strategy that works well, especially during hard economic times, is positioning yourself as a problem-solver. You want to focus on offering the very best solutions for the problems your target market faces. You r customers will associate your ability to problem-solve with your ability to save them time, money and pain, which will keep them with you and not the competition. When you use these major characteristics of a brand position strategy, you can improve sales and your financial bottom line. If you don’t take the time to work on a strategy, your business won’t do as well, and your marketing efforts will be counter-productive. Types of beverage Water Drinking water or potable water is water of sufficiently high quality that it can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long term harm. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce and industry is all of drinking water standard, even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation. Over large parts of the world, humans have inadequate access to potable water and use sources contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens or unacceptable levels of dissolved chemicals or suspended solids. Such water is not potable and drinking or using such water in food preparation leads to widespread acute and chronic illnesses and is a major cause of death in many countries. Reduction of waterborne diseases is a major public health goal in developing countries. Alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol (although in chemistry the definition of â€Å"alcohol† includes many other compounds). Beer has been a part of human culture for 8000 years. [1] In Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and many other European countries, drinking beer (and other alcoholic beverages) in a local bar or pub is a cultural tradition. [2] Non-alcoholic beverages Non-alcoholic beverages are drinks that usually contain alcohol, such as beer and wine, but contain less than 0. 5% alcohol by volume. This category includes low-alcohol beer, non-alcoholic wine, and apple cider. Soft drinks The name â€Å"soft drink† specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the term â€Å"hard drink† and the term â€Å"drink†, the latter of which is nominally neutral but often carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages like colas, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit punch are among the most common types of soft drinks, while hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, alcohol, and milkshakes do not fall into this classification. Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in versions sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. Hot beverages A hot beverage is any beverage which is normally served heated. This may be through the addition of a heated liquid, such as water or milk, or by directly heating the beverage itself. Some examples of hot beverages are: †¢Coffee-based beverages oCafe au lait oCappuccino oCoffee oEspresso oFrappe oFlavored coffees (mocha etc. ) oLatte †¢Hot chocolate †¢Hot cider oMulled cider †¢Gluhwein †¢Tea-based beverages oFlavored teas (chai etc. ) oGreen tea oPearl milk tea oTea Herbal teas oYerba Mate †¢Roasted grain beverages oSanka Miscellanea Some substances may be called either food or drink, and accordingly may be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending upon their thickness and solutes. †¢Buttermilk †¢Soup †¢Yogurt Beverage industries in Bangladesh Bangladesh Beverage Industry: In Bangladesh the beverage industries a re playing a great role in the economy. The beverage industries involves those companies and products that are given below, The soft drinks market in Bangladesh consists mainly of seven companies. 1. Abdul Monem Limited (Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta). . Agriculture Marketing Company Limited (Pran). 3. Akij Group (Mojo, Lemu, Frutika). 4. Global Beverage Limited (Virgin). 5. Globe Soft Drinks Limited (Uro Cola, Uro Lemon). 6. Partex Beverage Limited (RC Cola, Lychena). 7. Transcom Beverage (Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda). Of these, Pran and Mojo are the only local brands. Coca-Cola, with its three varieties, namely, the cola-flavored Coca-Cola, the clear-flavored Sprite and the orange-flavored Fanta, is the number one soft drink producer in Bangladesh, as well as all over the world. Closing in on Coke is rival Pepsi. Pepsi is one of the oldest brands in Bangladesh. Pepsi first arrived in Dhaka in 1976 with the cola-flavored Pepsi, the clear-flavored 7up, the orange-flavored Mirinda and later introduced the mango-flavored Slice. Pran, on the other hand, started with jam, jelly and pickle. In 1995, it started producing mango bottled juice, and is currently operating all over the country. Virgin is renowned worldwide through its brand name. It was introduced in our country by Global Beverages Ltd. RC Cola entered the Bangladesh market in 1997, and was the first to introduce the cloudy lemon flavor. It has not been long since Akij group brought out Mojo and Lemu. They have already gained huge popularity. The recent success of Akij group is Frutika, which delivers the promise of no preservatives. Characteristics of beverage that constitute brand There should have some unique characteristics of particular product to constitute as brand in the market. A product should have some feature that gives value to the consumer. Brand attributes consist of ‘bits’ of information that are linked to a brand name in consumer memory and that, when combined with the brand name, make up brand’s image. Product attributes are the benefits of products, and these Benefits are the surface means used in advertisement and promotion offer to connect the brand with a motivation which influence brand attitude. Perceived quality is defined as the consumer’s judgment about a product’s overall excellence or superiority. Attributes, Taste/Flavor, Digestion, Calorie Content, Sugar Content, Pungency, Price, Color, Hygiene, Brand Image and Power of Freshness were taken into consideration for constituting brand. How to cite Brand Positioning and Repositioning, Papers

A Slant On free essay sample

, # 8220 ; The Old Man And The Sea # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Santiago: A Perfect Role Model for Manolin In the novel, # 8220 ; The Old Man and the Sea # 8221 ; , Hemingway builds a character that is easy comparative to any great hero or graven image in history. This character, named # 8220 ; Santiago # 8221 ; displays the features needed to suppress his conflicts or at least make all he can to accomplish his ends. This is particularly of import sing the fact that he is looked at as a wise man of kinds by another character, the immature male child named? Manolin. ? Manolin has known the old adult male since the age of five. As a protege to Santiago, Manolin has grown to hold a great trade of regard for the old adult male. This is represented by the male child? s avidity to stand by the old adult male? s side no affair what the state of affairs is. Santiago is the prototype of the homo will, and a show for how bravery and doggedness are able to win over troubles that seem about impossible to get the better of. Early on in the novel, we see that the old adult male has fallen onto difficult times in his fishing profession. This is non the first clip this has happened though. It has been many yearss since his last gimmick and the state of affairs looks really black to those who do non cognize the old adult male? s desire and bravery. They see the # 8220 ; furrows # 8221 ; , and # 8220 ; malignant neoplastic disease blotches # 8221 ; of an old adult male, but non the eyes, which # 8220 ; have remained unchanged. # 8221 ; Most of the townsfolk know of Santiago? s looking discouragement, and their reactions to this are slightly disconnected. A good part of the townsfolk and chap fishermen sympathize for Santiago and keep a great trade of regard for this fallen hero. But the others shun him and his curst fishing fortune. They are superstitious and experience that he brings a dark cloud to loom over the small town that will cuss all of them with his exact bad fortune. However, it is clear to the reader that it is what Santiago possesses, which the pessimistic fishermen do non, that gives the old adult male an overall advantage. This prized ownership is identified by the reader as a strong will. It appears that Santiago has ever coveted the strong will. Once known as # 8220 ; El Campeon # 8221 ; , because of his singular arm-wrestling and fishing abilities, it appears that he still obtains this strong will inside him. As a human-centered in the truest sense, he was more than willing to learn the immature Manolin everything he knew of angling while Manolin was merely a really immature kid. In return, a great trade of esteem was formed by Manolin in acknowledgment for the befriending by Santiago. Presently, nevertheless, Manolin, like many of the other fishermen isn? t absolutely clear on how to react to the old adult male? s quandary. He realizes that the old adult male is in an improbably atrocious fishing drouth, but he besides remembers their doggedness in the yesteryear and the wagess they reaped for it. He decides that he will take non to listen to others such as his male parent and what they have to state, and continue in support of his friend. As a mark of his trueness, Manolin foremost asks the old adult male if he may attach to him on his following twenty-four hours? s trip to sea. At first this supplication is turned down by the old adult male. But after farther bargaining and a spot of reminiscing of better times, the old adult male agrees to some aid from the male child. The reluctance by Santiago shows his attention for the male child? s wellbeing. It is merely the adult male? s assurance in his salvation that allowed him to eventually accept the male child? s offer of aid. Santiago? s certainty in this # 8220 ; salvation # 8221 ; is perplexing to some, while Manolin has no problem hold oning the thought. This is because the qualities that have been instilled into the male child are the same as the old adult male? s. They are genuinely believing on the same wavelength. This separates, or isolates them from the remainder of the small town ; but neither the male child nor the adult male truly cares. Subsequently in the book comes the difficult trial of Santiago? s mental and physical strengths. Finally, his opportunity for salvation, comes in the signifier of a Very big fish. In fact, it is the largest fish the old adult male has of all time attempted to catch. A great conflict between the old adult male and the fish Begins. This conflict, nevertheless, is non one fueled by fury and defeat, but instead by bravery and volitions. The old adult male and the fish are similar in certain facets. These facets are recognized by the old adult male, and this is why the conflict is such an honest one apparently on both terminals of the rope. # 8220 ; There is a difference between ? killing? and the ceasing of allowing an animate being die. # 8221 ; Santiago knows this, and he is good determined to convey in the mighty fish, and intelligibly so. # 8220 ; When an single sees that all finite centres and truenesss are fliting and incapable of being permanent objects of religion, so he will abdicate all old attempts in desperation, repent in humbleness, and appreciatively do the motion of religion by which entirely his life can go meaningful and worthwhile. # 8221 ; Yet at the same clip his regard for the fish and award of his ain character clutters any opportunities of pure satisfaction for the salvation that would be the violent death of the fish. Santiago found award in everything he did. He was non a mendicant ; though he had much to implore for. He was non a quitter ; though failure long stared him in the eyes. Most significantly, he was a lovingness adult male. He cared for himself and others every bit. It was easy to see that these traits had so been passed down to Manolin. Just as the old adult male found no # 8220 ; loss of true pride # 8221 ; in his failures, the male child found similarly in his friendly relationship with the old adult male. After all, in Hemingway? s # 8220 ; hunt for wider societal significance # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; The Old Man and the Sea # 8221 ; showed it is non success that determines one? s worth. It is, as the male child and the adult male both knew, character that is the true clincher. Bibliography A ) Klemke, E.D. # 8220 ; The Meaning of Life # 8221 ; New York: Oxford University Imperativeness 1981, p. 166 B ) # 8220 ; Hemingway # 8221 ; Compton? s Pictured Encyclopedia, vol. GH Chicago: 1957 p. 378 C ) Hemingway, Ernest # 8220 ; The Old Man and the Sea # 8221 ; New York: Simon A ; Schuster 1995 D ) Singer, Peter # 8220 ; Applied Ethics # 8221 ; New York: Oxford University Imperativeness 1986, p. 87-88

Un Kyoto Protocol free essay sample

The  Kyoto Protocol  is an amendment to the  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  (UNFCCC), an international treaty intended to bring countries together to reduceglobal warming  and to cope with the effects of temperature increases that are unavoidable after 150 years of industrialization. The provisions of the Kyoto Protocol are legally binding on the ratifying nations, and stronger than those of the UNFCCC. Countries that ratify the Kyoto Protocol agree to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs and PFCs. The countries are allowed to use emissions trading to meet their obligations if they maintain or increase their greenhouse gas emissions The Kyoto Protocol sets specific emissions reduction targets for each industrialized nation, but excludes developing countries. To meet their targets, most ratifying nations would have to combine several strategies:   * place restrictions on their biggest polluters manage transportation to slow or reduce emissions from automobiles * make better use of renewable energy sources—such as solar power, wind power, and biodiesel—in place of fossil fuels Background The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. We will write a custom essay sample on Un Kyoto Protocol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed a year later. Under terms of the agreement, the Kyoto Protocol would not take effect until 90 days after it was ratified by at least 55 countries involved in the UNFCCC. Another condition was that ratifying countries had to represent at least 55 percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990. The first condition was met on May 23, 2002, when Iceland became the 55th country to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. When Russia ratified the agreement in November 2004, the second condition was satisfied, and the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 16, 2005. As a U. S. presidential candidate, George W. Bush promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Shortly after he took office in 2001, however, President Bush withdrew U. S. support for the Kyoto Protocol and refused to submit it to Congress for ratification. Rationale of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. Concluding Remarks While international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol are certainly a step in the right direction in that they raise awareness about the severity of global climate change, they are not a complete solution and will not solve the problem alone. Real results and improvements will be seen when fundamental reductions in energy consumption and changes in lifestyle are achieved on an individual level across the globe. Continue by reading about  What You Can Do  to contribute towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving your lifestyle. The Effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Protocol has several provisions and established mechanisms concerning technology transfer which is supposed to favoring technology transfer for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world. However, mainly due to the flaws of the provisions and mechanisms, the environmentally sound technologies have not been transferred as smoothly as possible to realize the Kyoto Protocol’s objectives. Therefore, the international community shall take the effectiveness of Kyoto Protocol as a fresh impetus to consummate the legal system of international technology transfer, that is, developing a uniform technology transfer agreement under the WTO with a focus on promoting environmentally sound technology, which may make the developing countries to acquire the technologies they need under the fair conditions and help them build their capacities to develop in a sustainable manner. China does not need to perform the obligation of reducing GHG emission until 2013 according to Kyoto Protocol, but recautions shall be taken to improve its legal systems on technology transfer to make preparations for implementing the policy of scientific development and playing roles in related international legislation. Impact on Spain of Meeting the Kyoto Commitment in 2008-2012 Impact on Delivered Prices to Households and Industry Meeting the Kyoto Protocol target in 2008-2012 through a combination of do mestic actions plus purchases of international credits would increase the price of home heating oil by more than 32%. Consumers would also pay more for gasoline and diesel. If the Spain participates in the Kyoto Protocol’s economy-wide emission reduction program, prices for industry would rise dramatically. Spanish industries would pay more than 42% more for natural gas and 24% more for electricity than under the baseline projection. Under the assumption that the Kyoto Protocol’s emission targets are made even more stringent in the post-2012 period, the impact on household heating oil prices would rise to more than 43% above the baseline estimate by 2025. Gasoline and diesel prices would rise substantially, between 15-19% by 2025. Impact on Energy Consumption In general, the percentage reduction in energy demand would not need to be as large as the required percentage reduction in carbon emissions because not all Btus of energy have the same carbon content. Additionally, purchase of international CO2 credits means that foreign CO2 reductions lessen the need for domestic reductions, thereby avoiding some domestic reductions in energy used. However, use of international credits does have consequences, as companies pass the cost of the international credit onto final consumers of energy via higher prices. Implementation of a limit on carbon dioxide emissions via an international carbon dioxide allowance trading system would result in the following impacts. November 2005 Global Insight, Inc. Page 12 Domestic Sector: The dramatically higher energy prices would force consumers to cut their consumption of energy. Since there is only limited opportunity to substitute more energy efficient appliances and furnaces for the period 2008- 2012, consumers would reduce their consumption of energy services. Longer term, consumers would attempt to replace some of these services by replacing their energy consuming equipment. Industry Sector: Industry would respond to the dramatically higher prices through several mechanisms. First, industry would reduce energy consumption through process change. Second, industry would replace energy-consuming capital with more efficient capital. Third, to the extent possible, production of energy intensive goods would move to non-participating countries. Power Sector: The power sector would be hard hit under these scenarios. The imposition of carbon permits would lead to extremely large increases in the delivered price of electricity, particularly to the industrial sector. Imposition of ever decreasing carbon permit levels would set in motion dramatic changes in this sector. Coal use would decline, slowly at first and then rapidly, as the price drove electricity prices up reducing demand and encouraging the substitution of natural gas or renewables. Investment in natural gas fired generating capacity would alleviate some of the pressure on electricity prices, but with the ever increasing stringency of the target, investment in end-use efficiency would need to be as great or greater than improvements in power supply efficiency. Transportation Sector: The impact on the transportation sector would be significant. However, due to the high taxes already in place on transportation fuels, the percentage change in price due to the addition of the carbon permit fees is less than the change in price in other sectors. Longer run, the permit price would have to be high enough to reduce energy use in this sector as the target tightens. Even assuming an international carbon dioxide emission allowance trading scheme, meeting the Kyoto targets would result in the following: ? Coal, with the highest carbon content of the energy sources, would be the hardest hit. Petroleum would experience the smallest percentage decline of the fossil fuels because of strong demand and limited technology substitution options in the transportation sector over the forecast horizon. ? Natural gas demand would initially increase relative to the baseline as it is substituted for coal and petroleum but ultimately would need to decline as the cutb acks in demand outweigh this substitution effect. ? The demand for renewables would increase in all the cases. ? For this analysis, it was assumed that nuclear and hydroelectric energy would not change. Economic Impacts Output and employment losses would be expected under the Kyoto Protocol because: energy-using equipment and vehicles would be made prematurely obsolete; consumers would be rattled by rapid increases in living costs; and financial ministers would most likely need to target more slack in the economy to deflate non-energy prices and thus stabilize the overall price environment. The analysis assumes that the cost of emission allowances would be passed along to consumers in the form of higher energy prices and ultimately high prices for all goods and services. Consumers’ purchasing power would be reduced by the higher cost of using energy, reducing real disposable income. Consumption and residential fixed investment would be the hardest hit components of real GDP because of the direct loss in real disposable income. The short period to phase in the permit prices (2005-2008) would lead to substantial declines in real consumption from Base Case levels in the 2008-12 period. Imports would strengthen relative to Base Case levels, spurred by the competitive price advantage of non-participating Annex B countries, and non-Annex B countries. Real GDP would fall 3. % (26 billion Euros) on average below Base Case levels during the 2008-12 budget period, and 4. 3% (48 billion Euros) below in 2025 under Case 1 and 5. 6% (63 billion Euros) below under Case 2. The economy’s potential to produce would fall below Base Case levels initially with the cut back in energy usage, since energy is a key factor of production. Stronger investment woul d be required over the longer-term to build capital as a substitute for this lost factor. The decline in consumption and residential fixed investment relative to Base Case levels, however, would have a depressing impact on business fixed investment in the near-term. Annual employment losses are projected to be 611,000 jobs in 2010 in the Spain The percentage reduction in employment relative to Base Case levels would be less than the drop in output. This is due to an increase in the labor-to-output ratio (or a decline in labor productivity) attributed to the permit program. Labor productivity would decline because the other factors of production would be less efficient. Only as investment grows and the capital stock is expanded would productivity begin to improve. Post 2012, if the target emission level under the Kyoto Protocol is maintained, the impact on economic performance would begin to lessen. The extreme change in the energy prices experienced during the years between 2008 and 2012 would not be repeated. While the percentage change in prices relative to the baseline would increase somewhat, the year-over-year change in prices would be reduced. However, achieving even more aggressive targets would take ever larger carbon fees, and would continue to take a significant toll on economic performance. http://www. studymode. com/essays/The-Kyoto-Protocol-Business-Ethics-202293. html

Facebook Ethics Aspects

Facebook Ethics Aspects Introduction Business ethics revolves around ensuring that various moral and ethical principles in business environments are adhered to. This is because there are distinct and diverse ethical issues and problems that can arise in a given business environment or surrounding (Bradburn 2001, p. 9). As much as business ethics applies to all issues that are supposed to be undertaken by businesses, they are expected to guide the general conduct of individuals and organizations at a given period of time (Handy 2002, p. 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Ethics Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should be known that there are various approaches to business ethics. This means that they might always vary depending on the prevailing circumstances at that particular time (Handy 2002, p. 13). As a matter of fact, the whole aspect of business ethics has come out as a vital corporate practice that all organizati ons are supposed to carry out. Facebook ethics is a very complex and diverse issue that has emerged in recent years. This is because of the popularity that the social networking site has gained as time goes by (Hoffman 2008, p. 13). As a matter of fact, it is a major branch of philosophy. In this case, it revolves around the right conduct of individuals as they socialize on the social networking site. In a broad perspective, people on the networking site are supposed to carry out themselves by observing the expected code of conduct. From my own point of view, Facebook is unethical as far as the whole aspect of ethics is concerned. This is because the social networking site has changed many things in our society (Hoffman 2008, p. 17). As much as change is acceptable, there are various issues that need to be looked at as far as ethical issues are concerned. This can be looked at from the general societal and business ethical point of view. Discussion Business ethics can be used to eva luate a business or organization as far as economic issues are concerned. This will therefore give a true reflection and picture of the business in the society (Handy 2002, p. 16). It should be known that business ethics is very important in the society. This is based on the fact that some businesses have been known to be unethical in recent years. As a matter of fact, there is a lot of evidence to support this argument that there are unethical business practices going around the corporate scene. As much as businesses and people operate in a natural and social environment, they are supposed to observe business and societal ethics. Because they exist in diverse and distinct environments, they are supposed to be accountable for their actions (Goree 2007, p. 13). As a matter of fact, they are duty bound to be accountable as time goes by. This will give them the positive image that they need in the society that they operate in. It should be known that various businesses have their own g oals and objectives that they are supposed to fulfill and get at the end of the day. Therefore, irrespective of this pressure, they should not deviate from acceptable business ethics and practices (Hoffman 2008, p. 19). This therefore gives businesses a reason to be ethical in their operations. Businesses are supposed to be ethical because whatever they do generally affects various stakeholders in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a mater of fact, the existence of businesses depends on good and ethical behavior. In this case, the emergence of multinationals has been the reason why the whole issue and aspect of business ethics has gained prominence in recent years (Goree 2007, p. 14). This has been brought about by the urge for high trust and the development of face to face businesses. Facebook ethics revolves around the right conduct of individuals on the social networking site. In this case, Facebook ethics is guided by various principles that are supposed to be adhered to. As a mater of fact, they are supposed to exercise sound judgment when they are going about there activities (Stone 2008, p. 21). This includes networking and being in touch with friends. Therefore, individuals ought to be highly moral in all their undertakings. There have been various efforts to define Facebook ethics because some people have misused the site for their own private gains. As much as Facebook has been a good advancement in technology, it is vital for people and various stakeholders to look at ethical issues for sustainability (Hoffman 2008, p. 26). From my own point of view, Facebook is unethical. This is based on various issues that have arisen as time goes by. As a matter of fact, people have breached ethics while networking (Stone 2008, p. 27). In this case, there are various instances of unethical behavior that have come out of the social networking site. People have always posted bad pictures that are not supposed to be exposed in public. In extreme cases, people have been engaging in illegal business because there are no control measures to regulate such activities. Unethical behavior can also be witnessed in the posting of bad and nasty comments that might cause pain to others (Stone 2008, p. 29). As a matter of fact, such comments have raised a lot of anxiety yet they can not be verified for authenticity. In this case, some comments cause a lot pain to other users with serious implications. Because other users can access an individual’s wall, they have ended up posting unnecessary statements with no concern for privacy. Privacy is very important but Facebook has not made an effort to protect its user’s privacy because its security measures are not sophisticated. Some people end up discussing insensitive topics on Facebook thereby irritating others (Stone 2008, p. 31). This is because the site has ma ny users with distinct and diverse backgrounds that can not be easily understood by different users. Some of these topics revolve around sexuality, politics and religion (Hoffman 2008, p. 34). The idea of tagging people on Facebook is not ethical because some of those pictures are always irritating. As far as ethics is concerned, people are not supposed to lie, but some users have always cheated around to obtain information from others on Facebook.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook Ethics Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Because Facebook has continued to attract a lot of people and users, ethical issues are supposed to be reinforced or dealt with for long term sustainability. Ethical issues are very important in our society because they guide our daily lives (Handy 2002, p. 17). In this case, we are supposed to make individual ethical decisions as we relate with distinct and diverse people in the society. As a matter of fact, there are general business ethics that every individual, business and organization is expected to follow. Businesses are supposed to take care of shareholders interests but this underlying fact is not justifiable for them to be unethical in their operations (Bradburn 2001, p. 15). Good and ethical behavior is a personal decision that we are supposed to make as we relate with others. Reference List Bradburn, R., 2001. Understanding Business Ethics. New York: Continuum Goree, K., 2007. Ethics in the Workplace. USA: Thompson South-Western. Handy, C., 2002. What’s a Business for. Harvard: Harvard business review. Hoffman, C., 2008. The Battle for Facebook. USA: Rolling Stone Stone, B., 2008. Judge Ends Facebook’s Feud with ConnectU. New York: The New York Times.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

The Definition and Description of Geological Erosion

The Definition and Description of Geological Erosion Erosion is the name for the processes that both break down rocks (weathering) and carry away the breakdown products (transportation). As a general rule, if rock is just broken down through mechanical or chemical means, then weathering has occurred. If that broken-down material gets moved at all by water, wind or ice, then erosion has occurred.   Erosion is different from  mass wasting, which refers to the downslope movement of rocks, dirt, and regolith primarily through gravity. Examples of mass wasting are  landslides, rockfalls,  slumps,  and soil creep. Erosion, mass wasting, and weathering are classified as separate actions and often discussed individually. In reality, they are overlapping processes that usually act together.   The physical processes of erosion are called corrasion or mechanical erosion, while the chemical processes are called corrosion or chemical erosion. Many examples of erosion include both corrasion and corrosion. Agents of Erosion The agents of erosion are ice, water, waves, and wind. As with any natural process that takes place on the Earths surface, gravity plays a major role as well. Water is perhaps the most important (or at least most visible) agent of erosion. Raindrops strike the surface of the Earth with enough force to break apart soil in a process known as splash erosion. Sheet erosion occurs as water collects on the surface and moves toward small streams and rivulets, removing a widespread, thin layer of soil along the way. Gully and rill erosion occurs as runoff becomes concentrated enough to remove and transport larger amounts of soil. Streams, depending on their size and speed, can erode away banks and bedrock and transport large pieces of sediment.   Glaciers erode through abrasion and plucking. Abrasion occurs as rocks and debris become embedded on the bottom and sides of a glacier. As the glacier moves, the rocks scour and scratch the surface of the Earth. Plucking takes place when meltwater enters cracks in the rock beneath a glacier. The water refreezes and breaks off large pieces of rock, which are then transported by glacial movement. U-shaped valleys  and  moraines  are visible reminders of the awesome erosive (and depositional) power of glaciers.   Waves cause erosion by cutting away at the shore. This process creates remarkable landforms like wave-cut platforms, sea arches,  sea stacks, and chimneys. Due to the constant battering of wave energy, these landforms are usually short-lived.   Wind affects the surface of the Earth through deflation and abrasion. Deflation refers to the removal and transport of fine-grained sediment from the winds turbulent flow. As the sediment is airborne, it may grind and wear away surfaces with which it comes in contact. Like with glacial erosion, this process is known as abrasion.  Wind erosion is most common in flat, arid areas with loose, sandy soils.   Human Impact on Erosion Although erosion is a natural process, human activities like agriculture, construction, deforestation, and grazing can greatly increase its impact. Agriculture is particularly notorious. Areas that are conventionally plowed experience upwards of 10 times more erosion than normal. Soil forms at about the same rate that it  naturally erodes, meaning that humans are currently stripping away the soil at a very unsustainable rate.   Providence Canyon, sometimes referred to as Georgias Little Grand Canyon, is a strong testament to the erosional effects of poor farming practices. The canyon began forming in the early 19th century as rainwater runoff from the fields caused gully erosion. Now, just 200 years later, guests can see 74 million years of beautifully layered sedimentary rock in the 150-foot canyon walls.

History of Christian Thought Final Exam Questions Essay

History of Christian Thought Final Exam Questions - Essay Example The issue of abortion has always been a sensitive subject which has given rise to a host of debates. If the human embryo is considered as a human entity, then of course no one has the authority to destroy it, not even the parents who have created it. On the other hand, if the embryo is viewed as a portion of human tissue or as a coagulation of human cells, then this gives rise to a new argument in the debate. As people are usually believed to be endowed with right of determining the fate of their tissues, they are justified to do whatever they wish with the human embryo. A couple who do not want children can either donate their already formed embryo to an infertile couple, or destroy the embryo altogether. Therefore, when human beings are accorded the â€Å"ownership rights† over their own tissues and physical body parts, the act of abortion finds a justification in such a case (Gunning, Szoke, p.198). 2. The prevailing laws do not recognize human beings as the owners of their own tissues or any parts of their body. This is known as the legislation of â€Å"No property in the Body†. In such a situation, how can people be considered to have an â€Å"ownership right† over their tissues? 1A. ... The reason is that even is we have property is tissue; there seem to be other overriding moral considerations. If we have ownership rights in tissues, this implies that people should be allowed to destroy their organs and tissues after their life ends when these are in the condition of saving other people’s lives. 3. People providing with the rights of ownership of tissues can lead to various problems in the society. People belonging to the lower middle class and those in need of money can find the selling of their own tissues as a legal profession which may endanger the cause of the humanity. Ownership of tissues would also make the people claim that their bodies parts comprised of various tissues are their own property and they had the right to sell it or do anything according to their wish. Like the trafficking of human, people will start making further inhuman activity and this time it will be their own body parts. The right of ownership of human tissues will definitely le ad to the trading activity and within a short period of time, it will eventually turnout to be a huge profitable business. The ownership right of tissues will result in the increase in number of killing of the unwanted embryo and will prevent the emergence of millions of life into the world. 4. 3A. the framing of the law regarding the ownership of rights will be done considering the social aspect and in that case will that create any further problems? And the killing of embryo is a punishable act in most of the countries and how will it further hamper the cause? 1N. in the presence of Laws and regulation the crimes rate have not taken a considerable decrease throughout the world the permission of providing the ownership right will